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It用作形式主語或形式賓語的用法

1. it用作形式主語
     當不定式、動名詞、從句等用作主語時，為避免頭重腳輕，通常在句首使用形式主語it，而把真正的主語放在句子末尾。主要用于It is+ adj. /n.+(for sb./of sb.) + doing/to do/從句…句型。如：
    Is it necessary for me to do so? 我有必要這樣做嗎？
　　It is silly of him to do so. 他這樣做真是可笑。
　　It’s no good waiting here. 在這里等沒有用。
　　Is it certain that they will win? 他們一定會贏嗎? 
　　It’s my duty to help you improve English. 幫助你們提高英語水平是我的職責。
注：It is said / reported / believed / understood that… 這類結構中的 it 也是形式主語。如：
     It’s reported that two people were injured in the accident. 據(jù)報導這次事故中有兩人受傷。
2. it用作形式賓語
當不定式、動名詞、從句等用作賓語且其后跟有賓語補足語時，就應在賓語補足語前使用形式賓語，而將真正的賓語移至句末。
    主語+vt. (find, think, make, feel,etc. ) + it(形式賓語) +adj. /n.(賓語補足語) +doing/ to do/that(真正的賓語)… 如：
     I find it difficult to do the job well. 我發(fā)現(xiàn)做好這件事不容易。
     I think it best that you should stay here. 我認為你最好住這兒。
     He made it a rule never to eat between meals. 他不吃零食已成了習慣。
◎幾種特殊的形式賓語◎
1. enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer, appreciate等動詞后接 if 從句或 when 從句，通常應先在動詞后接 it 作形式賓語。如
     She won’t like it if you arrive late. 她不喜歡你遲到。
     He hates it when people use his bike. 他討厭別人用他的自行車。
     I hate it if you say such things in public. 我討厭你在大庭廣眾之下說那樣的事。
     I’d prefer it if I didn’t have to do so much work. 要是我不必做那么多工作，那就太好了。
     I would appreciate it very much if you would help me with it. 如果你能幫助我做這事，我會十分感激。
2. see to it that…/depend on it that…(因介詞后通常不接that從句，故用it作形式主語) 
     See to it that you are not late again. 注意別再遲到了。
     You may depend upon it that we shall never lose heart. 你放心我們絕不會灰心。
3. take it for granted that…等
     I took it for granted that you would stay with us. 我肯定你會住在我們這里的。